Adsorption is the deposition of water constituents on the surface of solid bodies (adsorbent) by molecular binding forces. Adsorption is a fast, cost-effective and universal method. Activated carbon (powdered activated carbon or granular activated carbon) is often used as adsorbent.
 PACOPUR®
 CARBOPUR®

PACOPUR®-MF (Powdered Activated Carbon + Membrane Filtration): Highly efficient adsorption.
Adsorption by powdered activated carbon (PAC). The prerequisite for using PAC is that the target substance(s) must be absorbable. The process involves adding finely ground carbon to the flow and removing it from the water again after a specific contact time. In the context of drinking water treatment, membrane filtration (ultrafiltration) is the ideal technology for separating the loaded PAC particles. The resulting backwash water containing the separated PAC has to undergo further treatment or final disposal, but depending on the location and size of the plant this is not always achievable. The handling of powder activated carbon calls for maximum safety measures and a carefully thought-out operational concept,something Wabag Masters thanks to the many yars of experience.

Key Features
– In-line addition of the PAC to the water flow
– Very good adsorption ratio for absorbable micropollutants
– It is necessary to have a system for separating the loaded PAC from the treated water flow
– It is necessary to have a system for the further treatment or disposal of the used PAC.

CARBOPUR®-MF (Granulated Activated Carbon + Membrane Filtration):

Adsorption by granulated activated carbon (GAC).
Uses the same physical principle as with PAC, but with larger Grain size, which allow it to be placed instead of a traditional media in a Filter i.e. the Wabag Flap valve Filter. This mean that Adsorption and retention of the adsorbent is done in one process step, making it simpler and more Compact than usin PAC. This also avoid the more difficult handling coupled with PAC.

 ADOX® – Advanced Oxidation

Oxidative removal of pesticides and VOC. Ground and surface water are frequently subject to organic pollutants such as pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons. In order to prevent health risks strict legislation has been passed.

“ADOX” stands for “ADvanced Oxidation” and represents a process which leads to the mineralization of organic pollutants in water by OH-radical oxidation.

The main principle of the ADOX®- process is the combined use of ozone and hydrogen peroxide. Ozone is produced in an ozone generator from air or oxygen and is added to a partial stream by an injector or diffusers in the reactor. Hydrogen peroxide is dosed into the main treatment line.

Subsequently, a high percentage of the pollutants is mineralized in the reaction tank. In the ADOX®- process post-treatment is accomplished by biological activated carbon filtration.

The process applications include:
• Ground water treatment for the removal of pesticides and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
• Surface water treatment with conventional ozonation being supplemented by the efficient removal of pesticides or other organic pollutants.
• Ground water remediation: involving the removal of pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, BTX and PAH.

 CERAMOZONE®
Go to — > 4-membrane filtration – CERAMOZONE

 BIOZONE® (Ozone/AOP + Granular Activated Carbon).

The perfect couple. WABAG has been using this combination of processes in its multi-barrier systems for years. The ozone fully or partially oxidizes the micropollutants and makes other dissolved matter more easily biodegradable.

These substances, any reaction products created through ozonation, and other micropollutants are reduced to harmless concentration levels by a special filtration process that relies on biodegradation and/or adsorption. The latest research has revealed that this choice of filtration technology offers major advantages when removing by-products such as these because of the system’s flexibility. Not only that, but the quality of the resulting filtrate is just as high as with a “classic” filtration method.

Characteristics
– Oxidation of oxidable micropollutants with ozone
– Adsorption of adsorbable micropollutants
– Bilogical transformation of AOP by-products
– Expansion to AOP
– Effective combination of processes for producing drinking water with low bacterial regrowth potential thanks to the biodegradation of dissolved organic and assimilable organic carbon/biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (DOC and AOC/BDOC)

Above all, nitrate levels have risen sharply in the ground and surface water found in areas of intensive agricultural activity. As is the case with all environmental problems, preventive measures are the only sustainable solution. However, nitrates remain in the soil for long periods and therefore, treatment plants are essential where the ground water is already polluted.
WABAG offers two processes for nitrate removal: Biological denitrification – BIODEN® process and Electrodialysis – ENR® process. Both processes demonstrate special strengths and therefore WABAG can provide ideal solutions, tailor-made to match specific environmental conditions and individual customer needs.
BIODEN® – Biological Nitrate Removal
BIODEN® is one of the WABAG-developed biological process for ground water denitrification. The process functions according to the principles of heterotrophic, biological denitrification with ethanol or acetic acid as a carbon source. Basically, it consists of nutrient dosage, a biological filter, subsequent aeration for oxygen enrichment, downstream flocculation filtration and final safety disinfection.
The most important advantages of the process are:
– Degradation of pollutant.
– Virtually complete denitrification.
– Excellent partial load capability.
– The generation of relatively small amounts of wastewater with out any Nitrates
– Plant stability and reliability.
– Easy adherence to all guide levels and maximum admissible concentrations.
 BIODEN-brochure
ENR® – Electrodialytical Nitrate Removal
The electrodialysis process enables specific, partial desalination and has been employed for many years for the desalination of sea- and brackish water. On this basis, in co-operation with the Vienna University of Agricultural Sciences, WABAG has developed the ENR®-process for the denitrification of groundwater.
The process: During electrodialysis, salts are separated via ion exchanger membranes by means of an electrical field. Raw water passes through a stack of alternately placed anionic and cationic permeable membranes. The membrane stack is fixed between electrodes, which generate a direct current field. Due to the alternating selectivity of the membranes, cells are formed, some containing diluted water with a low level of salinity, and others filled with concentrated water, which is rich in inorganic salts. Thus, low-nitrate drinking water is produced together with a small amount of concentrate with a correspondingly high nitrate content.
The most important advantages of the process are:
– Nitrate selectivity
– A low general level of desalination
– Reduction of hardness
– Limited space requirement
– Simple operation and quick start-up.

Bioactive Filter,
BIOPUR®, FLUOPUR®